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Joey Skaggs

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Joey Skaggs
Born1945 (age 78–79)
United States
Other namesKim Yung Soo, Joe Bones, Joseph Bonuso, Giuseppe Scaggoli, Peppe Scaggolini, Dr. Josef Gregor, Joseph Virgil Skaggs, Dr. Richard J. Long, Dr. Joseph Schlafer, Dr. Joseph Chenango, Baba Wa Simba, Joseph Bucks, Jojo the Gypsy, Joseph Howard, Joseph Adore, Joseph Sullivan, and the Rev. Anthony Joseph.
EducationHigh School of Art and Design
School of Visual Arts (BFA)
Occupation(s)Artist, writer, lecturer
Websitehttps://joeyskaggs.com/

Joey Skaggs (born 1945) is an American multi-media artist, activist, satirist, educator[1] and prankster.[2][3][4] Skaggs is one of the originators of the phenomenon known as culture jamming.[5][6] In a career spanning six decades, he has produced paintings, sculptures, guerrilla theater,[7] performance art, socially revealing hoaxes, media pranks, and films.

Films

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In 2017, the feature documentary Art of the Prank, directed by Andrea Marini and focusing on artist Joey Skaggs, was released internationally on television and streaming platforms after screening at film festivals.[8][9][10]

In 2020, production began on a series of short oral history films titled Joey Skaggs Satire and Art Activism, 1960s to the Present and Beyond. The films document firsthand accounts of Skaggs’ art and satirical performances, exploring the planning, execution, and impact of his interventions. They aim to preserve the legacy of his critique on media and societal norms, while examining public and media reactions to his work. The series serves as both an educational resource and historical archive, highlighting Skaggs’ role as a pioneer in performance art and media activism. Individual episodes have been screened at film festivals in the United States[11] and internationally[12] as production continues.

Partial works

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1960s and 1970s

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Crucifixion

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In the late 1960s, Joey Skaggs erected a life-size sculpture depicting a decayed Jesus Christ in Tompkins Square Park to critique religious hypocrisy within the Church. The piece was later exhibited in 1967 at New York University and two Central Park Be-ins. In 1969, Skaggs brought a duplicate of the sculpture to St. Patrick’s Cathedral, where church officials denied him entry, and he was removed by police.[13]

Hippie Bus Tour to Queens

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In 1968, Joey Skaggs took a group of approximately 60 East Village hippies to suburban Queens to satirize tour buses that brought visitors to Greenwich Village to observe the hippie counterculture. Participants included publisher Paul Krassner and artist Yayoi Kusama, who painted polka dots on nude dancers as part of the performance. The event received media attention, including an interview with Skaggs on the Today Show, a front-page article in the Daily News, and coverage in The New York Times and other publications.[14]

Vietnamese Christmas Nativity Burning

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Joey Skaggs staged a protest against the Vietnam War on Christmas Day, creating a life-size Nativity scene with symbolic elements to critique U.S. involvement in the conflict. The display, set up in Central Park, included a manger, papier-mâché figures such as pigs in police hats, sheep holding briefcases, and a camel representing Hubert Humphrey. It also featured depictions of John F. Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr. as beheaded wise men, along with a Vietnamese baby Jesus surrounded by peasant sculptures of Mary and Joseph. Skaggs and his collaborators, dressed as American soldiers, planned to set the display on fire but authorities intervened.[15] The event was reported in The New York Times under the headline “Yippie ‘Nativity Scene’ Leads to Tickets for Littering.” [16]

Earlville Opera House

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In 1971, while living on a dairy farm in central New York, Joey Skaggs learned about the Earlville Opera House, a historic building constructed in 1892 in Earlville, New York, that was slated for demolition to make way for a parking lot. Skaggs purchased the building and led a campaign to preserve it. Today the opera house is listed on the National Register of Historical Places and operates as a vibrant performance and exhibition venue. It celebrated its 50th anniversary as a cultural center in 2022.[17]

Cathouse for Dogs

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The "Cathouse for Dogs" is regarded as Skaggs’ first major media hoax. In 1976, Joey Skaggs placed an ad in New York’s Village Voice promoting a "Cathouse for Dogs," claiming pet owners could pay $50 for their dogs to be sexually gratified. When the media expressed interest, Skaggs staged an event with volunteers and dogs and later provided video footage to WABC-TV, which was incorporated into the documentary, It's A Dog's Life, which addressed animal cruelty and won an Emmy.[18] Skaggs was subpoenaed by the Attorney General’s office for operating a bordello for dogs. At the hearing, he revealed the hoax, emphasizing the role of media in misrepresentation. WABC-TV did not issue a correction.[19][20][21]

Celebrity Sperm Bank

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Later in 1976, under the alias Giuseppe Scaggoli, Joey Skaggs announced an auction for a fictitious “Celebrity Sperm Bank,” claiming to offer sperm from rock stars such as Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, and John Lennon. On the day of the supposed event, Skaggs staged a scene outside a brownstone on Waverly Place in New York City, featuring actors posing as bidders and protesters. When the media arrived, Skaggs claimed the sperm had been stolen and read a ransom note that humorously referenced activist Abbie Hoffman. Despite the event not occurring as advertised, it attracted significant media attention in both print and broadcast news.[22][23][24]

1980s and 1990s

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Metamorphosis, Cockroach Miracle Cure

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In 1981, Joey Skaggs orchestrated the “Metamorphosis Cockroach Miracle Cure” hoax to critique the media’s susceptibility to sensational stories. Using the alias Dr. Josef Gregor—an allusion to Gregor Samsa, the protagonist in Franz Kafka’s novella The Metamorphosis—Skaggs held a press conference dressed in a white suit and Panama hat adorned with fake cockroaches. Accompanied by friends, colleagues, and students from the School of Visual Arts, Skaggs offered the cure “freely to the world.” He claimed to have developed a “miracle cure” derived from hormones extracted from super-roaches immune to toxins, asserting it could treat conditions such as acne, anemia, and radiation exposure. Despite overt references to Kafka’s story, the hoax went unnoticed and was widely reported, including by UPI.[25] Skaggs, in character as Dr. Gregor, appeared on WNBC-TV’s Live at Five, where he was interviewed about the discovery. Media outlets, including People and The Wall Street Journal, later exposed the hoax, though WNBC-TV did not issue a retraction.[26]

Fish Condos

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In 1983, Joey Skaggs created “Fish Condos,” a series of aquatic sculptures designed to resemble bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms, and kitchens, intended for upwardly mobile guppies. While some speculated whether the pieces were part of a hoax, the fish tanks were functional and real. The sculptures satirized gentrification in New York City and commented on environmental degradation. “Fish Condos” received significant media coverage, appearing in New York Magazine, Life, and the Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog,[27] among other outlets. They were also featured on television and exhibited in museums and galleries worldwide.[28][29]

Bad Guys Talent Management Agency

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In 1984, Joey Skaggs created the fictitious “Bad Guys Talent Management Agency” to help his friend Verne Williams fulfill his dream of becoming an actor. The agency claimed to represent “bad guys, bad girls, bad kids, and bad dogs.” Skaggs designed a mock FBI wanted poster as a headshot for Williams and sent it to casting agents in New York City, leading to Williams securing a role in Berry Gordy’s feature film The Last Dragon and launching his acting career. The story gained media attention, including coverage in People Magazine and other outlets, which led to an influx of aspiring “bad” actors seeking representation. Some of these actors went on to land roles in films, television shows, and commercials. As interest grew, Skaggs handed over the agency to one of the actors, as he was not interested in running a talent management business.[30]

The Fat Squad

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In 1986, Joey Skaggs, under the alias Joe Bones, created the “Fat Squad,” a fictitious organization offering to enforce clients’ diets for $300 a day with a three-day minimum. The "Fat Squad Commandos" claimed to monitor clients and prevent them from cheating on their diets, operating under the motto, “You can hire us, but you cannot fire us. Our commandos take no bribes.” The hoax attracted significant media attention, including a segment on ABC’s Good Morning America, where a staged scene featured a client and commandos guarding a refrigerator. The following day, after viewers alerted ABC to Bones’ true identity, Skaggs revealed the stunt as a hoax, highlighting how the media could be easily misled.[31][32]

April Fool’s Day Parade

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In 1986, Joey Skaggs announced the creation of the “Annual New York City April Fools’ Day Parade,” a satirical event publicized each year through a press release. The parade is described as featuring satirical floats and performers parodying political figures and social issues. According to the press release, the route begins at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street and ends at Washington Square Park, where the “King of Fools” is crowned.[33][34][35]

Comacocoon and Hair Today, Ltd.

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In 1990, Joey Skaggs orchestrated two simultaneous hoaxes, “Comacocoon” and “Hair Today, Ltd.” “Comacocoon” was presented as a company offering a vacation alternative involving anesthesiology and subliminal programming, claiming to provide benefits such as relaxation, weight loss, and elective surgery. “Hair Today, Ltd.” purported to offer total scalp transplants using donor cadavers. Promotional materials for both fictitious companies were designed to resemble genuine advertisements and were sent exclusively to journalists. The exaggerated claims were intended to attract media attention. After both campaigns generated coverage and Comacocoon received a subpoena from the Department of Consumer Affairs with 17 charges related to the company’s claims, Skaggs revealed them as hoaxes, highlighting the media's susceptibility to sensational stories.[36][37][38]

Portofess hoax

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In July 1992, Joey Skaggs, using the alias Father Anthony Joseph, an Anglican priest from California, pedaled “Portofess,” a portable confessional booth mounted on a tricycle to the Democratic National Convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The manifesto he handed out declared “Religion on the move for people on the go” and said, “The church must go where the sinners are.”[39][40]

SEXONIX

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In the fall of 1993, Joey Skaggs, using the alias Dr. Joseph Skaggs, announced the launch of "SEXONIX," a purported virtual reality company claiming to turn sexual fantasies into immersive virtual experiences. Skaggs announced the company would debut at the Metro Toronto Christmas Gift and Invention Show but, just before it did, he alleged that Canadian customs had seized the equipment at the border, labeling it morally offensive. As part of the hoax, Skaggs posted messages on electronic bulletin boards in New York and San Francisco (early precursors to social media platforms), asking for public assistance in retrieving the equipment. The hoax attracted media attention in both Canada and the U.S. and has been described as one of the earliest documented internet hoaxes, illustrating the potential for disinformation in the emerging digital age.[41]

Maqdananda Psychic Attorney

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Joey Skaggs created a 30 second television commercial featuring Maqdananda, a new-age psychic attorney who claimed he could predict outcomes for his clients. Offering services like psychic surgery malpractice and renegotiating past-life contracts, the ad aired on CNN Headline News across the Hawaiian Islands. Callers to 1-808-UCA-DADA were met with the message, “I knew you’d call.”[30]

Dog Meat Soup

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In 1994, Joey Skaggs, posing as Kim Yung Soo, the head of a fictional Korean company called Kea So Joo, Inc. (purportedly translating to “dog meat soup with alcohol” in Korean), launched a hoax titled “Dog Meat Soup.”[42] Skaggs claimed the company was offering to buy unwanted dogs from shelters for $0.10 per pound for human consumption. Despite never directly responding to any inquiries, reports emerged alleging conversations with company representatives, along with unverified claims that large dogs were disappearing from the streets and that legal charges were being pursued against the company. Skaggs later revealed the hoax, which he orchestrated with assistance from Korean collaborators. The performance aimed to critique the media’s willingness to report sensational stories without verification and highlighted cultural bias.[43][44]

The Solomon Project

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In 1995, Joey Skaggs, under the alias Dr. Joseph Bonuso, Ph.D., announced the creation of the “Solomon Project,” a fictitious artificial intelligence program he claimed could deliver swift, unbiased legal verdicts and revolutionize the American judicial system. Following O.J. Simpson’s acquittal in the trial for Nicole Simpson’s murder, Skaggs, as Dr. Bonuso, declared that the Solomon Project had found Simpson guilty. CNN contacted the Solomon Project and aired a segment examining the implications of using AI in legal decision-making.[45] After discovering the project was a hoax, CNN issued a follow-up report acknowledging they had been misled. The hoax prompted discussions about the role of AI in society.[46][47]

STOP BioPEEP

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Between 1996 and 1998, Joey Skaggs, using the alias Dr. Joseph Howard, created a media hoax titled “Stop BioPEEP.” In this performance, Skaggs portrayed a whistleblower alleging that a fictional multinational corporation was developing a virus capable of genetically addicting consumers to specific products, transforming them into “consumer junkies.” He further claimed this virus could be used for targeted genetic manipulation, which he termed “gene-ocide,” suggesting it could eliminate specific groups. The hoax incorporated an international group of collaborators, a fake website, and staged protests in the U.S. and Australia, including one at the United Nations. The hoax attracted media attention and, at times, was conflated with reports of an emerging bird flu outbreak in China. Skaggs later explained that the performance was designed to provoke discussion about the ethical and societal implications of genetic engineering.[37][7]

Doody Rudy

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In 1999, Joey Skaggs organized the “Doody Rudy” protest in New York’s Washington Square Park in response to then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani’s policies, which included efforts to limit creative expression and the “quality of life” campaign targeting homelessness. Skaggs collaborated with artist Steve Powers (ESPO) to create a 10’ x 14’ painting depicting Giuliani as the Madonna. Protesters, wearing “Doody Rudy” hats, wheeled a trashcan filled with faux elephant dung and held signs such as “Doody Rudy with Dumbo’s Dung” and “Help Support the Homeless—$1.00 Contribution Per Throw Will be Donated to Housing Works, Inc.”[48] Participants threw the faux dung at the portrait, referencing Giuliani’s criticism of Chris Ofili’s Holy Virgin Mary painting, which incorporated elephant dung and had been displayed at the Brooklyn Museum. Giuliani had publicly opposed the exhibition and threatened to withdraw city funding from the museum. The funds raised during the protest were donated to Housing Works, a non-profit organization supporting homeless individuals living with AIDS.[49][50]

2000 to present

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The Final Curtain

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Joey Skaggs launched "Investors Real Estate Development," a company promoting theme-park cemeteries with ads teasing, “Death got you down? At last, an alternative.” The hoax, featuring a Disney-like memorial park and mall, centered around life, death, and burial. Years later, after Michael Jackson's death, conspiracy theorists believed Skaggs and Jackson had collaborated to fake the pop star’s death. Fans of the musician asked Skaggs to reveal Jackson’s secret whereabouts.[51][52][53][54]

Bush!

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Joey Skaggs staged a faux pro-Bush parade in New York City's Washington Square Park to mock President George W. Bush’s leadership. The parade, with over 75 participants, included singers, cheerleaders, and actors portraying government officials. Uncle Sam (Skaggs) pedaled a replica White House on a tricycle, while "Bush," surrounded by weapons of war and a pen to rewrite the Constitution, sat inside on a bucket labeled "Presidential Fertilizer." Bush's Cabinet members and Saudi royals handed out fake $20 bills to the crowd to "buy" votes.[55]

Mobile Homeless Homes

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Joey Skaggs, also known as Recycle Man, unveiled Mobile Homeless Homes, a sculpture designed as a “Trojan house” consisting of live-in garbage cans connected on a trailer pulled by a tricycle. This mobile home aimed to blend into urban environments and evade detection by authorities. Skaggs organized a parade to Goldman Sachs, a key player in the housing scandal, featuring costumed “homeless Muppets” and a band performing “Mobile Homeless Blues,” referencing Goldman Sachs employees’ derogatory term for clients who lost their homes.[56]

Santa's Missile Tow

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Dressed as Santa Claus, Joey Skaggs pedaled a tricycle equipped with a nuclear missile on a slingshot launcher to the United Nations in New York City. Accompanied by six performance artists dressed as elves, he delivered a message to world leaders: “Peace on Earth – Or Else.” Skaggs and his “elves” sang a parody of “Jingle Bells” with lyrics highlighting the absurdity of the threat of nuclear war.[57]

Bigfoot and The Tiny Top Circus

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Joey Skaggs, as Peppe Scaggolini, introduced Bigfoot to the public at Washington Square Park, showcasing the creature towed by a tricycle pedaled by the world's strongest man. The event, part of the Tiny Top Circus—a whimsical pataphysical circus—featured a ringmaster, armed guards, jugglers, and the Coney Island Sideshow Band. However, the creature (Skaggs in a large hairy foot costume) made an escape into the West Fourth Street subway station, prompting the circus to offer a $10 million reward for its safe return.[58][59]

Political protests

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Joey Skaggs staged a series of theatrical protests against President Donald Trump as part of his Annual New York City April Fools’ Day Parade. In 2017, the 32nd Annual Parade featured “Trump’s Golden Throne,” a sculpture with a life-sized effigy of Trump tweeting while seated on a golden throne mounted on a dolly. The following year, for the 33rd Annual Parade, Skaggs created the “Trump Military Parade,” depicting Trump on a tricycle-mounted sling-shot launcher with a 10-foot-tall nuclear missile, accompanied by look-alikes of world leaders including Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin. Skaggs also exhibited an effigy of Trump in a witch’s hat with flaming pants in 2018, and took this “Trump’s Kool-Aid Stand” to Trump Tower in 2019. In 2021, he produced a customizable “Trump Presidential Pardon,” followed by a downloadable “Top Secret Cover Sheet for Classified Information” in 2022. That year, he distributed “Putin Protest Masks” during the 37th Annual Parade to protest the war in Ukraine. In 2024, during the 39th Annual Parade, giant images of Skaggs as the Grim Reaper with his “Democracy at the Guillotine” sculpture were displayed on a billboard truck that traversed New York City.[60][61]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Schwarcz, Dr Joe (2019-10-08). A Grain of Salt: The Science and Pseudoscience of What We Eat. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-77305-385-1.
  2. ^ Yapp, Nick (1995). Great hoaxes of the world : and the hoaxers behind them. London: Robson Books. pp. 42, 168, 218. ISBN 9780860519683.
  3. ^ Marzo, Jorge Luis (2002). En el lado de la televisión [On the TV side] (in Spanish). Espai d'Art Contemporani de Castelló. p. 27. ISBN 9788448232429.
  4. ^ Kitty, Alexandria (2005). Don't Believe It!: How Lies Become News. Disinformation. ISBN 9781932857061.
  5. ^ DeLaure, Marilyn (February 28, 2017). Culture Jamming and the Art of Cultural Resistance. NYU Press. ISBN 9781479806201.
  6. ^ C.Carr (1999-04-27). "Wheat Pasting Against the Machine". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  7. ^ a b Rudolf, Ake (2008). Urban Guerrilla Protest. Mark Batty Publisher. p. 117. ISBN 9780979048692.
  8. ^ Weisblum, Vida (June 8, 2016). "Watch Out, New York City: Hoax Master Joey Skaggs Is in Town". Observer.
  9. ^ Syed, Razi (2017-09-28). "The Art of the Prank Unmasks Joey Skaggs, Father of Fake News". Bedford + Bowery. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  10. ^ Harris, Brandon (2016-02-02). "The Hidden Stars of This Year's Sundance: Hoaxes, Hucksters, and Glamorous Frauds". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  11. ^ "Joey Skaggs: Satire and Art Activism 1960s to the Present and Beyond Premieres at the New Jersey Film Festival on February 12!". NewJerseyStage.com. 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  12. ^ "2024 Selections – NZ Web Fest". Retrieved 2024-12-12.
  13. ^ "Calvary Again". No. 10. The East Village Other. April 15, 1966.
  14. ^ "60 Hippies in a Bus See the Sights of Quaint Queens". The New York Times. September 23, 1968. p. 24.
  15. ^ Five Yippies Arrested in Central Park. Reading Eagle. December 26, 1968. p. 39.
  16. ^ "Yippie 'Nativity Scene' Leads to Tickets for Littering". New York Times. December 26, 1968. p. 66.
  17. ^ Maneshni, Autriya (November 20, 2023). "Earlville Opera House brings arts and culture to Chenango County for past 50 years". WBNG TV. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  18. ^ "The NY Emmy® Awards Winners | New York, New York USA | - New York Emmys". www.nyemmys.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  19. ^ Dunbar-Hester, Christina (2010). "Review of OurSpace: Resisting the Corporate Control of Culture". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 13 (1): 168–171. ISSN 1094-8392.
  20. ^ Getz, Michael (November 2014). Bullshit! Amazing Lies and Unbelievable Truths from Around the Globe. Summersdale. ISBN 9781783722662.
  21. ^ Gonçalves, Susana (March 2, 2021). Art in Diverse Social Settings. Emerald Publishing Limited. p. 104. ISBN 9781800438972.
  22. ^ Plotz, David (2006). The Genius Factory: The Curious History of the Nobel Prize Sperm Bank. Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 9780812970524.
  23. ^ "Meet The Man Who Created The Celebrity Sperm Bank Hoax". HuffPost. 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  24. ^ Media Hoaxer Calls It An Art Form. Times-Union. May 4, 1982. pp. 5A.
  25. ^ "And By The Way ...Cockroach pill answer to man's survival? - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
  26. ^ Reed, John (2013-02-05). "The Golden Age of the Cockroach". VICE (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-11-21.
  27. ^ "Neiman Marcus out-catalogs itself in '96 Christmas Book". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  28. ^ Hoaxes and deceptions. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books. 1991. pp. 82–83. ISBN 9780809477159.
  29. ^ "Sometimes I Think I Was a Parrot, but Then I Realized I Am Only a Fish: On "Animal Art" and Its Contemporary Condition - steirischer herbst". www.steirischerherbst.at. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  30. ^ a b Wood, H. P. (2018). Fakers: an insider's guide to cons, hoaxes, and scams. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-58089-743-3.
  31. ^ Boese, Alex (2003). The Museum of Hoaxes: A History of Outrageous Pranks and Deceptions. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated. pp. 169–170. ISBN 9780452284654.
  32. ^ Dawson, Victoria (May 14, 1986). "The Fat Squad Hoax Surveillance Service Was Prankster's Trick". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  33. ^ Levine, Alexandria (April 1, 2016). "New York Today: A Fools' Parade". The New York Times.
  34. ^ "New York April Fool's Day Parade". TimeOut. March 30, 2023.
  35. ^ "A Look Behind Some of the Biggest Pranks in Art History". www.mutualart.com. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  36. ^ Tye, Larry (December 10, 1990). Con-Artiste Uses Ruses To Teach Media To Dig For The Truth. Herald-Journal. pp. A1.
  37. ^ a b Martínez, Demófila; Platypus, Luis (October 26, 2019). "Joey Skaggs: Fool is a fool, no matter what their political leaning is". Homo Velamine.
  38. ^ Dream Vacation Can't Cure Baldness. The Hour. January 5, 1991. p. 12.
  39. ^ Laskow, Sarah (July 14, 2017). "The Story of the 'Portofess,' the Prank Confessional Booth at the 1992 Democratic Convention". Atlas Obscura.
  40. ^ "'Priest', 'portofess' fool media". Newspapers.com. The Miami Herald. July 15, 1992. p. 7. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  41. ^ WIRED Staff. "Electric Word". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  42. ^ "The Big City; FALLING FOR IT (Published 1994)". 1994-07-17. Archived from the original on 2024-12-13. Retrieved 2024-12-23.
  43. ^ Winkle, Timothy (1999-03-31). "Technology creates a new "golden age" for the classic American hoax". Style Weekly. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  44. ^ Mikkelson, Barbara & David (July 30, 1999). "Did a Korean Soup Company Solicit Animal Shelters for Dogs?". Snopes. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  45. ^ John, Warren St (1996-01-28). "Jury Tampering". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  46. ^ Landler, Mark (January 29, 1996). "MEDIA: PRESS;Joey Skaggs, who delights in practical jokes on the press, has got a million of them". The New York Times. pp. D5.
  47. ^ Staff, MO Lawyers Media (1996-02-05). "Gotcha… - Missouri Lawyers Media". Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  48. ^ "STUNT A DUNG DEAL FOR MAYOR'S CRITICS". New York Daily News. 1999-12-05. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
  49. ^ Goldstein, Richard (1999-12-14). "Rudy's Most Wanted". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  50. ^ Staff, PageSix com (1999-11-25). "GOSSIP TO MAKE THE TURKEYS TITTER | Page Six". Retrieved 2024-11-27.
  51. ^ Stark, Jeff (May 31, 2000). "Stupid death tricks". Salon.
  52. ^ Eggers, David; Maliszewski, Paul (January 1, 2002). McSweeney's 8. McSweeney's. pp. 289–299. ISBN 978-0971904712.
  53. ^ Harvey, Doug (May 24, 2000). "Pranks and Beans". LA Weekly. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  54. ^ "DUPED! When journalists fall for fake news | Quill". Retrieved 2024-11-27.
  55. ^ amNY (July 13, 2004). "Bush whacking in Washington Sq. on the Fourth". amNY.
  56. ^ Beale, Scott (April 21, 2012). "Mobile Homeless Homes, A Trojan House & Outraged Homeless Muppets Are Planning To Converge on Goldman Sachs". Laughing Squid.
  57. ^ McLaughlin, Michael (November 14, 2012). "'Santa Claus' At United Nations: Prankster Joey Skaggs Demands Nuclear Disarmament". Huffpost.
  58. ^ "Bigfoot Unveiling Turns Into Huge Toe Job". HuffPost. 2014-06-07. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  59. ^ Dicker, Ron (December 6, 2017). "Definitely Real 'Captured Bigfoot' Exhibit Coming To NYC". Huffpost.
  60. ^ Danner, Chas (April 1, 2017). "New York City Has Been Free of Donald Trump for More Than 70 Days". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on July 24, 2024.
  61. ^ AFP (April 2, 2017). "April Fool's marchers in NY elect Trump as their 'king'". The Times of Israel.
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