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Suvarnabhumi Airport

Coordinates: 13°41′33″N 100°45′00″E / 13.69250°N 100.75000°E / 13.69250; 100.75000
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"BKK" redirects here. For Bangkok’s other airport which held this code until 2006, see Don Mueang International Airport. For other uses, see BKK (disambiguation).

Suvarnabhumi Airport

ท่าอากาศยานสุวรรณภูมิ
Tha-akatsayan Suwannaphum
Passenger terminal and airport traffic control tower
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorAirports of Thailand
ServesBangkok Metropolitan Region
LocationRacha Thewa, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
Opened28 September 2006; 18 years ago (2006-09-28)
Hub for
Focus city for
Operating base for
Elevation AMSL2 m / 5 ft
Coordinates13°41′33″N 100°45′00″E / 13.69250°N 100.75000°E / 13.69250; 100.75000
Websitesuvarnabhumi.airportthai.co.th
Maps
Airport diagram
Airport diagram
BKK/VTBS is located in Bangkok
BKK/VTBS
BKK/VTBS
BKK/VTBS is located in Thailand
BKK/VTBS
BKK/VTBS
Location in Thailand
BKK/VTBS is located in Southeast Asia
BKK/VTBS
BKK/VTBS
Location in Southeast Asia
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02R/20L 3,700 12,139 Asphalt
01/19 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
02L/20R 4,000[1] 13,123 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Total passengers51,699,104 Increase79.7%
International passengers40,010,184 Increase123.5%
Domestic passengers11,688,920 Increase7.6%
Aircraft movements307,505 Increase38.9%
Cargo (tonnes)1,137,373 Decrease-3.9%
Sources:AOT[2] Airports of Thailand[3]

Suvarnabhumi International Airport (IATA: BKK, ICAO: VTBS)[4][5] is the main international airport serving Bangkok, the capital of Thailand.[6][7] Located mostly in Racha Thewa subdistrict, Bang Phli district, Samut Prakan province, it covers an area of 3,240 ha (32.4 km2; 8,000 acres), making it one of the biggest international airports in Southeast Asia and a regional hub for aviation. The airport is also a major Cargo Air Freight Hub (20th busiest in 2019), which has a designated Airport Free Zone, as well as road links to the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) on Motorway 7.[8]

Etymology

[edit]

The name Suvarnabhumi is Sanskrit for "land of gold" (Devanagari:सुवर्णभूमि IAST: Suvarṇabhūmi; Suvarṇa[9] is "gold", Bhūmi[10] is 'land'; literally "golden land"). The name was chosen by the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej whose name includes Bhūmi, referring to the Buddhist golden kingdom, thought to have been to the east of the Ganges, possibly somewhere in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, government proclamations and national museums insist that Suvarnabhumi was somewhere on the coast of the central plains, near the ancient city of U Thong, which might be the origin of the Indianised Dvaravati culture.[11] Although the claims have not been substantiated, the Thai government named the new Bangkok airport Suvarnabhumi Airport, in celebration of this tradition.

History

[edit]
A Thai Airbus A340-500 (HS-TLA, Chiang Kham) at Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008

The airport is currently the main hub for Thai Airways International and Bangkok Airways, as well as the operating base for Thai VietJet Air and Thai AirAsia. It also serves as a regional gateway and connecting point for various foreign carriers connecting to Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Africa.

Suvarnabhumi was officially opened for limited domestic flight service on 15 September 2006, and opened for most domestic and all international commercial flights on 28 September 2006.[12]

The airport is on what had formerly been known as Nong Nguhao (lit. 'Cobra Swamp') in Racha Thewa in Bang Phli, Samut Prakan province, as well as the districts of Bang Kapi, Lat Krabang, Bang Na, and Prawet in the eastern side of Bangkok, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from downtown. The terminal building was designed by Helmut Jahn of Murphy/Jahn Architects. It was constructed primarily by ITO JV. The airport had the world's tallest free-standing control tower (132.2 metres or 434 feet) from 2006 to 2014[13] and the world's fourth largest single-building airport terminal (563,000 square metres or 6,060,000 square feet).

Suvarnabhumi is the 17th busiest airport in the world,[14] eleventh busiest airport in Asia, and the busiest in the country, having handled 60 million passengers in 2017,[14] and is also a major air cargo hub, with a total of 95 airlines. On social networks, Suvarnabhumi was the world's most popular site for taking Instagram photographs in 2012.[15]

Suvarnabhumi reassigned the IATA airport code, BKK, from Don Mueang after that airport ceased international commercial flights. Motorway 7 connects the airport, Bangkok, and the heavily industrial eastern seaboard of Thailand, where most export manufacturing takes place.

Check-in hall at Suvarnabhumi Airport, seen from the upper level

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the airport was temporarily converted to a hospital[16] and vaccination center.[17]

Check-in hall in night seen at Suvarnabhumi Airport
Art pieces at Suvarnabhumi Airport

Land purchase, initial early phase of construction

[edit]

The need for the new airport was recognized in 1973 when 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of land was purchased 40 km (25 mi) east of Bangkok. The site, known as Cobra Swamp, was drained and named Suvarnabhumi, meaning "realm of gold".[citation needed] On 14 October 1973, student-led protests led to the overthrow of the military government of Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn and the project was shelved.[citation needed]

"The Japanese government would end up assisting the new airport project as ODA, and in 1996, the project took a step forward with the signing of a loan agreement between the Government of Thailand and the Japanese government. Then, in 1996, Second Bangkok International Airport Company Ltd. (SBIA) was established as the project implementation organization, and the project got underway."[18]

It was scheduled to finish by 2000.[18]

Airport tests and official opening

[edit]

The airport was due to open in late 2004. Still, a series of budget overruns, construction flaws, and allegations of corruption plagued the project.

A further delay was caused by the discovery that the airport had been built over an old graveyard. Superstitious construction workers claimed to have seen ghosts there. On 23 September 2005, the Thai airport authority held a ceremony where 99 Buddhist monks chanted to appease the spirits.[19]

Full tests of the airport took place on 3 and 29 July 2006. Six local airlines — Thai Airways International, Nok Air, Thai AirAsia, Bangkok Airways, PBair, and One-Two-Go Airlines — used the airport as a base for twenty domestic flights.[20][21] The first international test flights were conducted on 1 September 2006. Two Thai Airways aircraft, a Boeing 747-400 and an Airbus A300-600, simultaneously departed the airport at 09:19 to Singapore and Hong Kong respectively. At 15:50 the same aircraft flew back and made simultaneous touchdowns on runways 19L and 19R. These test flights demonstrated the readiness of the airport to handle traffic.[citation needed]

On 15 September 2006, the airport started limited daily operations with Jetstar Asia operating three Singapore to Bangkok flights. Bangkok Airways moved to the airport on 21 September. AirAsia and Thai AirAsia followed on 25 September and on 26 September Nok Air moved to Suvarnabhumi Airport. During this initial phase, as well as in the previous tests, the airport used the temporary IATA code NBK.[citation needed]

Suvarnabhumi officially opened at 03:00 on 28 September 2006, taking over all flights from Don Mueang. The first flight to arrive was a Lufthansa Cargo flight LH8442 from Mumbai at 03:05.[22] The first commercial arrival was Japan Airlines at 03:30. The first passenger arrival was Aerosvit flight VV171 from Kyiv at 04:30, and the first cargo departure was Saudi Arabian Airlines flight SV-984 to Riyadh at 05:00.[23] Aerosvit also had the first passenger departure (VV172 to Kyiv) around 05:30.[24]

Initial difficulties

[edit]

Difficulties were reported in the first few days of the airport's operation. On the first day alone, sluggish luggage handling was common—the first passenger arrival by Aerosvit took an hour for the luggage to start coming out, and some flights did not have their luggage coming out even after four hours. Flights were delayed (Thai Airways claimed that 17 of 19 flights were delayed that day), and there were failures with the check-in system.[25][26] Subsequent problems included the failure of the cargo computer system, and the departure boards displaying the wrong information, resulting in confused passengers (especially as unlike Don Mueang, there were no "final calls" issued).[27]

Months after its opening, issues of congestion, construction quality, signage, provision of facilities, and soil subsidence continued to plague the project, prompting calls to reopen Don Mueang to allow for repairs to be made.[28] Expert opinions varied widely on the extent of Suvarnabhumi's problems as well as their root cause. Most airlines stated that damage to the airport was minimal.[29][30] Then Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont reopened Don Mueang for domestic flights voluntarily on 16 February 2007, with 71 weekly flights moved back initially, but no international flights.[31]

Capacity and safety issues

[edit]

Tarmac problems

[edit]

In January 2007, ruts were discovered in the runways at Suvarnabhumi.[32] The east runway was scheduled to close for repairs. Expert opinions varied as to the cause of the ruts.[29] Airport authorities and airline representatives maintained that the airport was still safe and resisted suggestions that the airport should be completely closed and all flights moved back to Don Mueang.[33]

On 27 January 2007, the Department of Civil Aviation declined to renew the airport's safety certificate, which had expired the previous day. The ICAO requires that international airports hold aerodrome safety certificates, but Suvarnabhumi continued to operate because the ICAO requirement had yet to be adopted as part of Thai law.[34]

As of early 2016, tarmac problems persisted at Suvarnabhumi. Soft spots on the tarmac, taxiways, and apron area had not been permanently fixed. Aircraft were getting stuck on the soft surfaces that are the result of sub-standard materials. "The constant resurfacing of the tarmac, taxiways and apron area with asphalt is an unacceptable patchwork solution. We literally need a "concrete" solution", said Tony Tyler, IATA's director general and CEO.[35]

Plans to re-open Don Mueang for domestic flights

[edit]

In January 2007, Thai Airways announced a plan to move some of its domestic operations back to Don Mueang International Airport due to overcrowding. Three days later, the Ministry of Transport recommended temporarily reopening Don Mueang while repair work on the runways at Suvarnabhumi proceeded. At that time, Thai Airways said it would shift most of its domestic flights back to Don Mueang while keeping flights with high international passenger connections such as Chiang Mai and Phuket at Suvarnabhumi. On 28 March 2009, Thai Airways discontinued all domestic flights from Don Mueang. Bangkok Airways and One-Two-GO Airlines had similar plans, but Bangkok Airways remained at Suvarnabhumi. Thai AirAsia said it would not move unless it could shift both its international and domestic operations, prompting them to stay at Suvarnabhumi for the time being. Nok Air and PBair were undecided, but Nok Air later relocated all flights to Don Mueang, where they operate today.[36][37] As of January 2010, only Nok Air and One-Two-GO operated domestic flights from Don Mueang Airport. PBair have ceased operations altogether. One-Two-GO was integrated into Orient Thai Airlines in July 2010, but continues to operate from Don Mueang Airport. As of 1 October 2012, Air Asia has moved all of its Bangkok operations to Don Mueang International Airport (DMK) from Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK).[38]

Repair and upgrades

[edit]

Airports of Thailand found that the cost of fixing 60 identified problems at the airport would be less than one percent of the total airline cost and the problems could be fixed in up to four to five years. Dr Narupol Chaiyut, a member of a committee overseeing service problems at the new airport, estimated that 70 percent of the problems would be fixed in 2007. Twenty of the 60 problems were successfully fixed by February 2007.[39]

Architectural design

[edit]
A depiction of the "Churning of the Ocean of Milk", Samudra manthana, at the airport
Concourse Design: 5-pin arch-truss-girders with glazed facades and a translucent fabric membrane set-up, spanning across to bridge the 27 m spacing between the glass facades
Airport traffic control tower (ATCT) at Suvarnabhumi Airport. At 132.2 meters, it is the world's third tallest ATC tower.[40]

Suvarnabhumi Airport's main terminal roof is designed with structural elements and bays placed in a cantilevered, wavelike form to appear to "float" over the concourse beneath. This overall design principle was to express the former essence of the site, from which water had to be drained before construction could begin. The eight composite 2,710-ton trusses supporting the canopy of the main terminal are essentially diagrams of the bending moments acting on them, with the greatest depth at mid-span and over the supports.[41]

The result of Helmut Jahn's vision is a structure with performance materials serve in their total composition and in use more than in their conventional roles. This maximizes daylight use in comfort with substantial energy life-cycle cost savings. The installed cooling system reduced up to 50 percent compared to a conventional system. A translucent membrane with three layers was developed to mediate between the interior and exterior climate, dealing with noise and temperature transmission, while still allowing natural flow of daylight into building along with views of greenery outside.[42]

Airport ranking

[edit]

The airport was ranked number 48 among the world's top 100 airports in 2020. Other ASEAN airports in 2020 were ranked: Changi Airport, 1; Kuala Lumpur International Airport, 63; Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, 35; Hanoi, 87.[43] Suvarnabhumi was ranked 46 in 2019,[44] 38 in 2017[45] and 36 in 2016.[46] According to the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI) in 2018, the airport's ranking had not improved over the past six years. Customer complaints included lengthy immigration waiting times, transit day room issues, insufficient numbers of chairs and phone charging points, insufficient English-speaking staff, and poor information displays.[47][48]

As of 18 April 2024, the airport was ranked 58th by the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2024.[49][50][51]

Events

[edit]

On 25 January 2007, due to work upgrading the taxiways which suffered from small cracks, a few incoming flights were delayed and several flights were safely diverted to U-Tapao International Airport in Rayong Province.[52]

On 26 November 2008, an illegal occupation of the airport took place by People's Alliance for Democracy, closing the departure lounge and blocking exits and leaving almost 3,000 passengers stranded in the main terminal and another 350,000 stranded inside the country, as all flights were grounded. The People's Alliance for Democracy seized the control tower at 12:00.[53] On 2 December 2008, protesters agreed to leave the airport as they had been illegally protesting and permitted the resumption of flights. Security checks, clean-ups, and re-certification once the illegal occupation ended delayed the airport from being fully functional until 5 December 2008.[54]

On 5 January 2019, the airport gained international attention when a Saudi Arabian ex-Muslim, Rahaf Mohammed, fleeing an abusive family that punished children who did not follow their religion, was accosted by Thai authorities at the behest of Saudi Arabia and sent to one of the airport's hotels to await repatriation back to her family and country. Fearing that she could be killed for being a disgrace to her family and religion, she barricaded herself in the hotel room, opened a Twitter account to plead for her freedom, and requested assistance from United Nations agents to get her to the Western world, away from her family, as a resettled refugee. As her pleas for help went viral, Thai agents agreed to let her go to Canada to start a new life without Islam.[55]

In January 2021, a motorist drove his car through security gates and onto the tarmac at the airport while it was in use. It was later revealed that the driver had been under the influence of methamphetamine, which was also discovered in the trunk of the car. The driver claimed that he had taken a wrong turn.[56][57]

Predatory irregularities

[edit]

Petty thieves and confidence men, the majority of them illegal taxi drivers or tour guides, are known to prey on tourists in the arrival hall. They belong to politically well connected criminal groups: Kamnan Samruay, Boonruang Srisang, Sak Pakphanang, the Pattaya Mafia and Phuyai Daeng.[58] Evicting them has proved difficult as they allegedly are well connected. (The head of the Pirap gang is supposedly related to an Airports of Thailand executive, while the Phuyai Daeng has ties to influential civil servants in Samut Prakan.[58])

On 1 October 2010, two hundred armed men occupied the airport's parking area for an hour, blocking the building's entrances and seizing ticket booths to collect fares from motorists.[59] Airport security personnel failed to respond, reportedly because of an internal dispute within the parking management company, the firm contracted to run the parking facilities.[59]

Airport terminal and future expansion

[edit]

Airport terminal

[edit]

Costing an estimated 155 billion baht (US$5 billion), the airport has two parallel runways (60 m wide, 4,000 m and 3,700 m long) and two parallel taxiways to accommodate simultaneous departures and arrivals.[60] It has a total of 120 parking bays (51 with contact gates and 69 remote gates), with five of these capable of accommodating the Airbus A380. Suvarnabhumi Airport has 72 jet bridges and 69 non-jet bridges. Additionally, flights are able to park at remote locations on the ramp, from which airport buses transport passengers to and from the terminal. Suvarnabhumi Airport has 18 jet bridges and 6 non-jet bridges for Airbus A380.[citation needed]

The airport's two runways can accommodate 64 flights per hour. At peak times the runways average 63 flights per hour. In April 2019 the Thai cabinet approved a sum of 21.8 billion baht for the construction of a third runway. Construction was originally planned to start in 2019 and be completed in 2021. The third runway will accommodate a maximum of 30 flights per hour.[61] After delays, the third runway is expected to open at the end of 2024.[62]

The main passenger terminal building, with a capacity of handling 76 flight operations per hour, co-locates the international and domestic terminals, though assigning them to different parts of the concourse. In the initial phase of construction, it was capable of handling 45 million passengers and three million tonnes of cargo per year. Above the underground rail link station and in front of the passenger terminal building is a 600-room hotel operated by Accor under the Novotel brand. The airport's main passenger terminal was, at the time of construction, the world's largest passenger terminal ever constructed in one phase at 563,000 square metres (6,060,000 sq ft). The airport air-traffic control tower was the tallest in the world at 135 metres (443 ft) from 2006 to 2014.[13]

From the opening of Suvarnabhumi in 2006 to early 2017, eight people had fallen to their deaths from upper-floor walkways, prompting the airport to spend 33 million baht in 2013 building glass barriers to prevent people from falling and/or taking their lives.[63]

  • Departures hall
  • Arrivals hall
  • Concourse A at the northeast handles domestic flights only.
    Concourse A at the northeast handles domestic flights only.
  • Concourse E
  • Concourse G

Expansion plans

[edit]
Suvarnabhumi Airport map based on OSM graphics, actualized up to mid-2023

By mid-2015, the airport was handling more than 800 flights per day, higher than its 600-flight capacity. It has exceeded its capacity of 45 million passengers per year.[64]

Airports of Thailand (AOT) approved an investment budget for the expansion of Suvarnabhumi Airport and construction was expected to be completed by April 2023.[65] The plan was to strengthen Suvarnabhumi Airport's position as a regional aviation hub. Phase Two would raise the airport's capacity to 65 million passengers a year and would be undertaken in parallel with the construction of a new domestic terminal.[66] The new domestic terminal will be intended to accommodate more than 30 million passengers annually.[67]

The two expansion projects are part of the overall airport enlargement that would see Suvarnabhumi raise its annual passenger handling capacity to 125 million passengers, 90 million international and 35 million domestic passengers by 2024 at an estimated cost of 163 billion baht (US$5.25 billion/€3.62 billion). The expansion includes the construction of one additional runway of 3,700 metres (12,100 ft), subsequent enlargement of domestic and international terminals, and improvements to parking bays, car parks, and other airport infrastructure.[68]

In March 2024 Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin said the third runway would open in October 2024, with a long-term target capacity of 150 million passengers.[69] The runway was opened for full aircraft operations on 1 November 2024, increasing the operational capacity from 68 to 94 flights/hour.[70]

Midfield Satellite Concourse 1 (SAT-1)

[edit]
See also: Suvarnabhumi Airport Automated People Mover

A new midfield concourse called SAT-1 partially opened in September 2023[71] and is expected to fully open from early 2024.[72] It is linked to the current main terminal via an underground automated people mover (APM) system. The new people mover was provided by Siemens using the NeoVAL technology.[73] The new satellite terminal has a total of 28 gates, with eight for the Airbus A380 and Boeing B747-800[74] super jumbo jet.[75] Spanning around 251,400 square meters, it will increase the airport's annual passenger handling capacity from 45 million to 60 million.[74] The SAT-1 terminal was nominated as one of six airport terminals for the Prix Versailles World's Most Beautiful Airports Architectural Award for 2024, which was announced at UNESCO.[76][77]

  • APM vehicle at the SAT-1 terminal stop
  • Thai elephant architecture at SAT-1 terminal

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
9 Air Guangzhou,[78] Guiyang,[78] Haikou
Aeroflot Irkutsk,[79] Khabarovsk,[80] Krasnoyarsk,[81] Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Novosibirsk,[81] Saint Petersburg,[82] Vladivostok,[83][84] Yekaterinburg[85]
Air Arabia Sharjah[86]
Air Astana Almaty
Air Austral Saint-Denis de la Réunion
Air Busan Busan, Seoul–Incheon[87]
Aircalin Nouméa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle[88]
Air Canada Seasonal: Vancouver[89]
Air China Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Tianfu,[90] Hangzhou,[91] Shanghai–Pudong[90]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle[92]
Air India Delhi, Mumbai
Air India Express Amritsar (begins 27 December 2024),[93] Lucknow (begins 28 December 2024),[94] Pune,[95] Surat[96]
Air Japan Tokyo–Narita[97]
Air Macau Macau
Air Premia Seoul–Incheon[98]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Bangkok Airways Chiang Mai, Koh Samui, Krabi, Lampang, Luang Prabang, Mae Hong Son, Malé, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Siem Reap, Sukhothai, Trat
Beijing Capital Airlines Changsha, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai–Pudong[99]
Bhutan Airlines Kolkata, Paro
Seasonal: Gaya[100]
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Dhaka
British Airways Seasonal: London–Gatwick[101][102]
Cambodia Airways Phnom Penh
Cambodia Angkor Air Phnom Penh (resumes 17 February 2025)[103]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong, Singapore[104]
Cebu Pacific Clark, Manila
China Airlines Kaohsiung,[105] Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Beijing–Daxing,[106] Chengdu–Tianfu,[107] Guangzhou,[107] Kunming, Lanzhou,[108] Nanjing,[107] Shanghai–Pudong,[109] Shenzhen,[108] Taiyuan,[107] Wuhan, Yantai[110]
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, Jieyang,[111] Nanning, Shenyang,[112] Shenzhen, Zhengzhou
Condor Frankfurt[113]
Drukair Bagdogra, Dhaka, Paro
Eastar Jet Seoul–Incheon[114]
El Al Tel Aviv[115]
Emirates Dubai–International, Hong Kong
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta[116]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
EVA Air Amsterdam, London–Heathrow, Taipei–Taoyuan, Vienna
Finnair Helsinki
Firefly Penang[117]
Garuda Indonesia Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Greater Bay Airlines Hong Kong[118]
Gulf Air Bahrain
GX Airlines Nanning,[119] Yulin[120]
Hainan Airlines Beijing–Capital,[121] Haikou[122][123]
HK Express Hong Kong
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
Hebei Airlines Shijiazhuang
Iberojet Seasonal: Madrid[124][125]
IndiGo Bengaluru,[126] Bhubaneswar,[127] Chennai,[128] Delhi, Hyderabad,[129] Kolkata, Mumbai,[127] Pune[130]
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino[131]
Japan Airlines Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Jeju Air Busan, Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal: Muan
Jetstar Brisbane,[132] Melbourne, Perth[133]
Jetstar Asia Singapore[134]
Jin Air Busan, Seoul–Incheon
Juneyao Air Nanjing, Shanghai–Pudong
Kenya Airways Guangzhou, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta[135]
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal: Busan[136][137]
Kunming Airlines Kunming
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City
Lao Airlines Luang Prabang,[138] Vientiane
Loong Air Hangzhou[139]
LOT Polish Airlines Seasonal charter: Warsaw–Chopin, Katowice–Pyrzowice[140]
Lucky Air Chengdu–Tianfu, Kunming
Lufthansa Munich[141]
Mahan Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
MIAT Mongolian Airlines Ulaanbaatar[142]
Myanmar Airways International Mandalay, Yangon
Myanmar National Airlines Yangon
Nepal Airlines Kathmandu
Norse Atlantic Airways Oslo,[143] Stockholm–Arlanda (begins 28 October 2025)[144]
Oman Air Muscat
Peach Osaka–Kansai[145]
Philippine Airlines Cebu, Manila
Qantas Sydney
Qatar Airways Doha
Qingdao Airlines Qingdao[122]
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
Ruili Airlines Lijiang[146]
S7 Airlines Irkutsk,[147] Novosibirsk[148]
SalamAir Muscat[149]
Saudia Jeddah,[150] Riyadh[151]
Scandinavian Airlines Seasonal: Copenhagen[152]
Scoot Singapore
Shandong Airlines Jinan, Qingdao[122]
Shanghai Airlines Shanghai–Pudong,[153] Wenzhou[154]
Shenzhen Airlines Shenzhen, Yuncheng[155]
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu–Tianfu,[156] Haikou
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Sky Angkor Airlines Phnom Penh[157]
SpiceJet Delhi, Kolkata
Spring Airlines Chengdu–Tianfu,[158] Fuzhou,[159] Guangzhou,[159] Lanzhou,[160] Shanghai–Pudong, Xi'an
SriLankan Airlines Colombo–Bandaranaike
Starlux Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan[161]
Swiss International Air Lines Zurich
Thai AirAsia Chiang Mai, Hat Yai, Khon Kaen (begins 1 February 2025),[162] Krabi, Phuket, Udon Thani (begins 1 February 2025)[162]
Thai Airways International Ahmedabad,[163] Beijing–Capital,[164] Bengaluru, Brussels,[165] Chengdu–Tianfu,[166] Chennai, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Colombo–Bandaranaike,[167] Copenhagen, Delhi, Denpasar, Dhaka, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hat Yai,[168] Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Istanbul,[169] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah,[170] Kaohsiung,[171] Karachi, Kathmandu, Khon Kaen,[168] Kochi,[172] Kolkata,[173] Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kunming,[174] Lahore, London–Heathrow, Manila, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa,[167] Mumbai, Munich,[175] Nagoya–Centrair, Osaka–Kansai, Oslo,[167] Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Penang,[173] Perth,[167] Phnom Penh, Phuket,[168] Sapporo–Chitose,[176] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Siem Reap, Singapore, Stockholm–Arlanda, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Ubon Ratchathani,[168] Udon Thani,[168] Vientiane, Yangon,[177] Zurich[178]
Seasonal: Gaya
Thai VietJet Air Beijing–Daxing,[179] Changsha, Changzhou, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Da Nang, Fukuoka,[180] Guangzhou,[179] Guilin, Haikou,[181] Hangzhou, Hat Yai,[182] Hefei,[183] Ho Chi Minh City,[184] Khon Kaen,[182] Krabi, Macau, Mumbai,[185] Naha,[186] Nanchang, Nanjing,[187] Ningbo, Osaka–Kansai,[188] Phnom Penh,[189] Phuket, Phu Quoc,[190] Sapporo–Chitose,[191] Shanghai–Pudong, Surat Thani,[182] Taipei–Taoyuan, Ubon Ratchathani,[182] Udon Thani,[192] Xuzhou,[193] Zhengzhou
Seasonal: Gaya
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat
T'way Air Cheongju, Daegu, Seoul–Incheon
Urumqi Air Luoyang, Ürümqi
US-Bangla Airlines Dhaka
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent[194]
VietJet Air Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City[195]
Vietravel Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City[196][197]
West Air Hefei,[198] Zhengzhou[198]
XiamenAir Fuzhou,[122] Quanzhou,[199] Xiamen[122]
Zipair Tokyo Tokyo–Narita[200]

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
AeroLogic Bengaluru, Frankfurt, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Leipzig/Halle, Shenzhen, Singapore
Air Atlanta Icelandic Liège[201]
Air ACT Hong Kong[202]
Air Belgium Cargo Liège[203]
Air Central (China) Nanning, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou
Air Hong Kong Hong Kong
ANA Cargo Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[204] Osaka–Kansai, Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Cargo Seoul–Incheon
Atlas Air[205] Delhi, Hong Kong, Riyadh, Sharjah, Sydney, Zaragoza
Budget line[206] Hanoi,[207] Pattaya,[208] Yangon
Cardig Air Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Singapore
Cargolux Dubai–Al Maktoum, Luxembourg, Shenzhen, Xiamen
Cargolux Italia Hong Kong,[209] Milan–Malpensa
Qatar Airways Doha
Central Airlines Changsha, Nanning, Xiamen
China Airlines Cargo Amsterdam,[210] Chengdu–Tianfu, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore
China Postal Airlines Kunming
DHL International Aviation ME Hong Kong
EAT Leipzig Leipzig/Halle
Emirates SkyCargo Dubai–Al Maktoum, Mumbai, Shanghai–Pudong
Ethiopian Cargo Addis Ababa
EVA Air Cargo Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan[211]
FedEx Express Clark, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Penang, Singapore
Fly Pro Ahmedabad,[212] Sharjah[213]
Garuda Cargo Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Hong Kong Air Cargo Hong Kong
Jiangsu Jingdong Cargo Airline Beijing-Daxing, Ezhou, Yueyang
K-Mile Air Chennai, Dhaka, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Phnom Penh, Shenzhen,[214] Singapore
Korean Air Cargo Chennai, Penang, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore
Lufthansa Cargo Bengaluru, Frankfurt, Mumbai, Sharjah
MASkargo Hong Kong,[215] Kuala Lumpur–International
Myanmar National Airlines Yangon
My Indo Airlines Shenzhen,[216] Yangon
My Jet Xpress Hanoi,[217] Ho Chi Minh City,[218] Kuala Lumpur–International[219]
Nippon Cargo Airlines Tokyo–Narita[220]
North-Western Cargo International Airline Chengdu–Shuangliu,[221] Hangzhou
Pattaya Airways Pattaya,[222][223] Phnom Penh, Phuket, Yangon[224]
Polar Air Cargo Anchorage, Hong Kong, Sydney
Pradhaan Air Express Chennai, Hanoi
Qantas Freight Adelaide, Anchorage, Auckland, Darwin,[225] New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon,[226][227] Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney
Raya Airways Hanoi,[228] Kuala Lumpur–Subang
Saudia Cargo Riyadh[229]
SF Airlines Shenzhen
Silk Way West Airlines Baku,[230] Dubai–Al Maktoum[231]
Singapore Airlines Cargo Cincinnati,[232] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore
SpiceXpress Cargo Delhi, Mumbai
Shandong Airlines Ürümqi
Suparna Airlines Cargo Shanghai–Pudong, Zhengzhou
Tianjin Air Cargo Zhengzhou
Turkish Cargo Almaty, Delhi, Islamabad, Istanbul, Lahore, Tashkent[233]
UPS Airlines Beijing–Capital, Cologne/Bonn, Delhi, Mumbai, Shenzhen[234]
World Cargo Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International[235]
YTO Cargo Airlines Ezhou,[236][237] Ningbo,[238] Shijiazhuang,[239] Hangzhou, Xi'an

Passenger traffic and statistics

[edit]

Busiest international routes

[edit]

Pre-COVID 19

[edit]
Top 20 busiest international and domestic routes to and from Suvarnabhumi Airport by passenger volume (2019)[240]
Rank Airport Passengers
handled 2019 		% change
2018/19
1 Hong Kong Hong Kong 3,756,449 Decrease 6.57
2 Thailand Phuket 3,358,876 Increase 0.03
3 Singapore Singapore 3,258,422 Increase 3.04
4 Thailand Chiang Mai 2,864,525 Decrease 1.61
5 South Korea Seoul–Incheon 2,689,306 Increase 4.93
6 Taiwan Taipei–Taoyuan 1,928,536 Increase 3.58
7 United Arab Emirates Dubai–International 1,707,276 Decrease 11.82
8 China Shanghai–Pudong 1,600,930 Increase 7.18
9 Thailand Samui 1,546,570 Decrease 8.22
10 China Guangzhou–Baiyun 1,510,461 Increase 8.96
11 Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 1,238,942 Increase 2.52
12 Japan Tokyo–Haneda 1,230,506 Increase 9.81
13 Philippines Manila 1,179,861 Increase 17.34
14 Qatar Doha 1,166,972 Increase 13.66
15 India New Delhi 1,107,099 Increase 2.01
16 Japan Tokyo-Narita 1,089,048 Decrease 8.70
17 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1,078,045 Decrease 5.26
18 Cambodia Phnom Penh 976,966 Increase 26.52
19 China Beijing 956,320 Increase 0.51
20 Thailand Krabi 929,294 Increase 12.46

COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]
Top 20 busiest international routes and domestic routes to and from Suvarnabhumi Airport by passenger volume (2023)[241][242]
Rank Airport Passengers handled 2023 % change
2022/23
1 Thailand Phuket 2,916,880 Increase 19.20
2 South Korea Seoul–Incheon 2,891,717 Increase 129.68
3 Singapore Singapore 2,838,693 Increase 19.20
4 Hong Kong Hong Kong 2,688,822 Increase 397.64
5 Thailand Chiang Mai 2,383,102 Increase 7.55
6 Taiwan Taipei-Taoyuan 1,963,084 Increase 364.57
7 Thailand Samui 1,653,028 Increase 74.31
8 United Arab Emirates Dubai–International 1,398,078 Increase 101.68
9 Japan Tokyo–Narita 1,355,815 Increase 93.79
10 Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 1,302,279 Increase 88.99
11 Qatar Doha 1,146,882 Increase 60.32
12 Cambodia Phnom Penh 1,096,421 Increase 56.67
13 India New Delhi–Indira Gandhi 1,008,263 Increase 53.75
14 Vietnam Hanoi 968,508 Increase 127.38
15 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 965,222 Increase 82.28
16 Japan Tokyo–Haneda 946,969 Increase 146.47
17 Philippines Manila 926,615 Increase 101.26
18 Thailand Krabi 796,900 Increase 29.64
19 Japan Osaka-Kansai 774,562 Increase 428.36
20 Thailand Hat Yai 755,319 Decrease 24.62
Top 10 busiest international routes to and from Suvarnabhumi Airport by cargo volume (2019)[240]
Rank Airport Tons of cargo
handled 2019 		% change
2018/19
1 Hong Kong Hong Kong 172,977 Decrease 13.50
2 Singapore Singapore 99,397 Decrease 9.29
3 Taiwan Taipei–Taoyuan 92,475 Decrease 11.61
4 Japan Tokyo–Narita 61,431 Decrease 15.68
5 South Korea Seoul–Incheon 50,125 Decrease 6.47
6 Qatar Doha 46,884 Increase 7.86
7 China Shanghai–Pudong 39,479 Decrease 13.01
8 Japan Tokyo–Haneda 39,042 Decrease 13.80
9 United Arab Emirates Dubai–International 27,479 Decrease 11.36
10 United Kingdom London–Heathrow 25,450 Decrease 9.44

Traffic by calendar year

[edit]

Suvarnabhumi accounted for the largest share of air traffic at Thailand's airports in 2023, handling 51.7 million passengers in 2023, up by 80 percent from the previous year despite its passenger capacity of only 45 million a year.


Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport passenger totals. See Wikidata query.
Comparison of passenger volume, aircraft movements and cargo volume at Suvarnabhumi Airport, by year
Year Passengers Change from
previous year 		Movements Cargo
(tons) 		Notes
2007 41,210,881 – – 1,220,001
2008 38,603,490 Decrease06.3251% – 1,173,084
2009 40,500,224 Increase04.9133% – 1,045,194
2010 42,784,967 Increase05.6413% – 1,310,146
2011 47,910,744 Increase011.9803% 299,566 –
2012 53,002,328 Increase010.6272% 312,493 – Source: Airports Council International[243]
In 2012, the government enjoined all low-cost airlines to move their hubs to DMK in October.
2013 51,363,451 Decrease03.0921% 288,004 1,236,223
2014 46,423,352 Decrease09.6179% 289,568 1,234,176
2015 52,902,110 Increase013.9558% 317,066 1,230,563 [244]
2016 55,892,428 Increase05.6530% 336,356 1,306,435 [245]
2017 60,860,704 Increase08.8884% 350,508 1,439,913 [246]
2018 63,379,077 Increase04.1379% 369,476 1,494,599 [247]
2019 65,425,879 Increase03.2294% 380,051 1,324,268 [248]
2020 16,706,235 Decrease074.4654% 152,614 904,362 [249]
2021 5,663,701 Decrease066.0983% 111,729 1,120,357 [250]
2022 28,754,350 Increase0407.6954% 221,331 1,184,157 [251]
2023 51,699,104 Increase079.7957% 307,505 1,137,373 [252]

Incidents and accidents

[edit]

Ground transportation

[edit]
[edit]
Main article: Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)
2023 map of Bangkok Mass Transit (BTS) and (MRT) lines. The (ARL) in dark red links Suvarnabhumi Airport to Downtown Bangkok.
Airport Rail Link train to Suvarnabhumi Airport

The 30 billion baht Suvarnabhumi Airport Link was opened on 23 August 2010,[265] after multiple delays. The Airport Rail Link (ARL) is operated by SRTET, a subsidiary company of the State Railway of Thailand. The standard gauge line is 28.6 kilometres (17.8 mi) long and is elevated for most of its length, running mostly above existing regional railway lines and parallel to Motorway 7 and Si Rat Expressway. There is a short at-grade/underground segment as the line approaches the passenger terminal building of Suvarnabhumi Airport.

The ARL Station is located on the underground floor of Suvarnabhumi Airport, which also links to the Airports' Novotel Hotel adjacent to the main terminal.

The ARL hours of service are 06:00 to 00:00.[266] The ARL has two interchange stations, namely Phaya Thai (changing for BTS Green Line services) and Makkasan (linking Phetchaburi station of the MRT Blue Line). In the future, the ARL will complement the SRT Red Line commuter service, which comprises two-meter gauge, dual-track lines. The ARL may also be extended from Phaya Thai to Don Mueang via Bang Sue Grand Station, given that the old Don Mueang International Airport has now been reopened for civil aviation under a dual-airport policy.

Regional train

[edit]

Meanwhile, SRT provides a suburban commuter train service between Lad Krabang (the nearest station to Suvarnabhumi on the East line, one station from the airport by Airport Rail Link) and the northern suburban city of Rangsit via downtown Bangkok and the old Don Mueang Airport. The train also connects with BTS and MRT at Phaya Thai and Phetchaburi stations respectively. A shuttle bus service linking the airport with Hua Takhe railway station is provided by BMTA. The train service is currently not as popular as the bus service because it requires a shuttle bus connection. The service will be stopped when the Airport Express Link is completed.[citation needed]

Bus

[edit]
Shuttle bus to Downtown Bangkok

Northeast of the airport is Suvarnabhumi Public Transport Center, which is the airport's main bus terminal.

A free bus service connecting Suvarnabhumi Airport and Don Mueang Airport operates from 05.00 until midnight. Three air-conditioned city bus routes operated by Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) serve the airport's dedicated bus terminal. There are also direct buses between the airports operated by an airport shuttle bus.

Taxi

[edit]

Level 1 (ground level) is where the public taxis are located. A ticket printed from the ticket queue machine (located on the same floor) is required before queuing up for a taxi.

Car

[edit]
Departure dropoff curb

The airport has five main access routes. Among these the most convenient route is via the Bangkok Chon Buri Motorway (Motorway 7). Another main airport entrance is in Samut Prakan Province via the expressway from Bang Na to Bang Pakong.

The airport has seven different car park zones, with zones 2 and 3 having direct access to the departure/arrival terminal. Located northeast of the airport is the Longterm Car Park Zone, next to the Bus Terminal.

The airport has five entrance routes. The main route is via the motorway in the north of Bangkok, directly connecting Bangkok's downtown and Chonburi Province, the industrial and harbor city in eastern Thailand. However, another main airport entrance is in Samut Prakan Province, connecting an elevated highway in the south of Bangkok from Bang Na to Bang Pakong.

Sky Lane Cycle Track

[edit]
Sky Lane at Suvarnabhumi Airport

In December 2015, Airports of Thailand introduced the Sky Lane (Thai: สกายเลน), a cycling track around the Suvarnabhumi airport perimeter. The entrance to the Sky Lane is located in the northeastern corner of the airport area. Cyclists can bring their bicycles and bike here for free. The Sky Lane is a controlled-access, one-direction, two-lane track built only for cycling, so the riders can be ensured that they will not be bothered by any vehicle. The Sky Lane's length is 23.5 km, making it the longest in Asia.[267] Sky Lane's facilities, which are specially designed for cyclists, include medical facilities, shops, food & beverage, track, parking lot and a rest area. The entrance gate is open from 06:00 to 18:00.[268] On 23 November 2018, King Rama X presided over the official opening of cycling lane at Suvarnabhumi airport and denominated the track as Happy and Healthy Bike Lane (Thai: สนามลู่ปั่นจักรยานเจริญสุขมงคลจิต).[269]

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[edit]

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